Improving Communication in an Organization

Improving Communication in an Organization Rationale This research was to show how communications, knowledge and information can be improved within an organization. Planning, organizing, and controlling the financial activities such as procurement and utilization of funds of the enterprise. To determine how to carry out work are more effective than others. For example clientele may learn faster and they may more ready adopt proposed technology when certain teaching methods are used opposed to others. The determination of how is being spent often is best made by staff members who are directly involved in programmed delivery. This suggests that decision making decentralized, with resources being sub-divided among the various units of the organization. Background CSC consultancy is a start-up consulting firm, focused that has been recognized over six years now in Clarendon, Stalks Street Avenue. CSC offers advice to store owners, business owners and customers towards environmentally and sensitive buildings as well as recommendation. CSC offers a list services for businesses owners to choose from depending on their particular business needs and wants. This includes sales, finance, discipline and management. CSC offers a wide variety of services for clothes/ business solutions, needs and wants, requirement. This includes business and marketing plan preparation, financial, search and procumbent, consulting service management development, human resource advising. Established by: Oregon based with two principals; partners: Miss Camille Davis, Mr. David and Everton Dailey. Which each of whom owns 30% share in the company. Camille’s Fashion House This company was established in August 21 2002, owned by Camille Davis and her husband Winston Davis. This company is a small fashion house that carters for every household wives, husbands, boys and girls, early childhood. This company has a good customer care service, which entails 13 males, and 14 females. Ten women work in the clerk area, and the other four are cashiers, eleven males’ works in the packaging area, and the other three works in the shoe department. Camille fashion house is located in May Pen, Clarendon, at Evans Street. There is a security at the front of the door when walking in, our staff in my company they are very friendly and corporative. This company provides 27 employees in my establishment, a manager; Carnet Grant. The competition level in our area is very hectic, so therefore we have to advertise our business on the television, broadcast on the radio and the internet. There are a wide variety of clothes, from Italian, to leather, and cloth materials, we also provide shoes from heals to flat sandal shoes, from originally made shoes and internationally shoes. We also provide a wide variety of hand-bags, from both locally ware to international. We also provide children wares from kids to teenagers, from clothes to shoe ware. The company aims to provide quality services, good customer care, value of goods and services. This will improve more shoppers coming in to buy, whether on promotions or otherwise. CSC co-owners Camille D, David B and Everton Dailey, will each provide 30,000 that will each provide the bulk of the start-up business expenses. This other fund will come from the small business administration year loan. Objectives To ensure regular and adequate supply of funds to develop the communication process. To ensure adequate returns to the shareholders this will depend upon the earning capacity. To ensure optimum funds utilization, if the funds are procured however they should be utilized in maximum possible way at least cost. To identify a sound plan of capacity structure, there should be invested in safe venture so that adequate rate of return can be achieved. Methodology A survey was carried out in the street using observations and interviews with fellow citizens and residents in my district and country. This survey was carried out to understand to recognize the communications which takes place effectively in organization. Also to understand the interaction between communication, knowledge and information. However, a qualitative evaluation will be utilized for this research project of subjective methods such as interviews and observations to collect relevant data. A SWOT analysis was used which includes; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to analyze how best to customize the course to the target citizens. I have established collaboration with fellow citizens from the communications and knowledge department. Working at this institution will be an opportunity for me to work on a very insightful project. Literature Review What is communication? According to â€Å"Skills You Need Helping You Develop Life Skills† at www.skillsyouneed.com ,communication is simply the act of transferring information from one place to another. Although this is a simple definition, when we think about how we may communicate the subject becomes a lot more complex. There are various categories of communication and more than one can occur at any time. Different categories of communication are: Spoken or verbal communication, face-to-face, telephone, radio or television and other media. Non-verbal communication; body language gestures, how we dress or act even our scent. Written communication such as letters, emails, books, magazines, the internet or other media. According to the Journal of Communication Management, ISSN 1363-254x, the management of knowledge goes far beyond the storage and manipulation of data, or even of information. It is the attempt to recognize what is essentially a human asset buried in the minds of individuals, and leverage it into an organizational asset that can be accused and used by a broader set of individuals on whose decisions the firm depends. The ability to manage human intellect and its conversion into useful product is perhaps, the most critical management skill in our age, providing the ultimate in competitive edge. At www.enotes.com , where how to assess internal and external sources of information and understanding was defined clearly. Managers in organization need information on what is happening within the organization as well as about the external environment within which the organization operates. People at lower level of organization need more of the internal information and less of external information. But with increasing level of external information increases and the quantity of internal information increases. The managers at the top management level thus need a large amount of external information on the environment within which they operate. Findings Discuss the range of decisions to be taken Decisions are apart of the managers remit. Difficult choices may have to be made for the common good of the organization. Information is used by businesses to assist in the decision making process at different levels such as: Strategic decisions are long term complex decisions made by senior management. The decisions will affect the entire direction of the company for example to become: The market leader in the field. Azan super-center might discontinue the sales of utensils in Ohio Rios as went down in the past year. Tactical decisions are medium term, less complex decisions made by middle management, they follow on form strategic decisions and aim to meet the objective stated in any strategic decision. Operation decisions are day to day decisions made by Junior managers that are simple and routine. This may include the regular auditory of supplies or the creation of a staff master. The manager of Azan’s supercenter decides that he or she would advertise for a new sales representative in the local newspaper. Assess internal and external sources of information and understanding Every organization has a formal communication network which ideas and information flow along the lines of command. Downward , horizontal and upward direction, these are the three ways in which formal communication flows. Downward communication flows from executive to employees , conveying executive decisions , and providing information that helps employees to their jobs. Providing insights into problem , trends , opportunities , griviances and performance, thus allowing executive to solve problems and make intelligent decisions. Horizontal communication close between department to help employees share information , coordinate task and solve complex problems. Smart managers know that particularly active grape is a sign that formal communication network is not providing the information employees believed they need: External communication flows into and out of the organization by both formal announcement and informal contract at industry galleries or networking and social events. Informal external changes are now considered so important that a new class of technology has sprang up to enable them. Internal source of information, that you use in your business can be primary information that you obtain from inside your own company. There are different types of internal information such as: Financing information Marketing information Purchasing information Sales information Administrative information Personnel information Justify recommendations for improvement Identify stakeholders for a decision making process Stakeholder relationship that are unmanaged or mismanaged have a number of consequences for any given company. These include unnecessary expenses , and a lack of buying to processes and initiatives aimed of transforming the company. However , stakeholder management is a difficult understanding for an organization because it requires investment and commitment to long term structured process. In order to develop business strategies one should or must: Identifying your stakeholders Particularly in large organizations this process is a critical one because the network of stakeholders with an investment or interest in your business is broader than others. Prioritized them, however noble your intentions, regarding stakeholder relationship management there unfortunately have to be some individual and group whose needs are more important and who require prioritization if you intend to maintain their support. Understand their needs, stakeholders require consistent and regular communication and service. However, their individual distinctiveness. Requires that this communication be personalized and targeted. Engage with them, you must find innovative and effective manner in which to communicate with these stakeholders. Whatever tactics you use , it is helpful to have a communication plan in place so that the process runs smoothly without negatively impacting on productivity. Monitor your engagement efforts, it is important to track and monitor your efforts and gage the responses to them. Speak to individuals directly , encourage feedback and through email tracking assess whether people are reading the information that you are deciminating. Make contact with those identified and develop business relationships The most important way in which you can make contact with your stakeholders is by identifying the target audience. These ways include; meetings , conference calls , news , letters or emails or posters which could be a means of a formal method for communicating. While on the other-hand, hall- way conversations , lunch meetings, drinks at a bar after work and sport events could be a means of a formal method , in which to make contact and develop business relationships. Has you build your network you need to nurture your contacts so that you can be a valuable network resource. They are as follows: Stay in-touch Connect with your contact Ask how you can help Share resources Include and collaborate Attend social events Call your contact Update your social media sites Send a news letter or a blog post

Public Administration Essay

I. Understanding Public Administration Meaning of Public Administration From a very broad perspective, public administration may be viewed to refer not only to those activities involved in carrying out or in implementing the policies and programs of the government but also the processes and contents of these policies and programs. Meaning of Public Administration From a broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering services to the people. Meaning of Public Administration Public administration is also a distinct field of study; it is considered both a professional and scholarly discipline. As such, it is concerned with the public policies and programs, their formulation and implementation, and the socio-cultural, economic and political factors bearing on them. It deals with the systematic study of institutions and processes and the interplay of factors involved in authoritative decision-making on goals, in implementing, and in achieving desired results. Source: Raul P. De Guzman (2003). â€Å"Is there a Philippine Public Administration? In V. Bautista el al. (eds) Introduction to PA in the Philippines: A Reader Meaning of Public Administration â€Å"Public Administration is the organization and management of men and materials to achieve the purposes of government. â€Å" â€Å"Public Administration is the art and science of management as applied to affairs of the state.† (Waldo, 1955) Source: Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 Theory and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open University. Meaning of Public Administration From a broader perspective, public administration may refer to cooperative human action whether within the public bureaucracy, the private sector, or in nongovernmental organizations aimed at delivering services to the people. Meaning of Public Administration Public Administration†¦is the action part of the government, the means by which the purposes and goals of government are realized. Public Administration as a field of study is mainly concerned with the means to implement political values. Public Administration can best be identified with the executive branch of government. Public Administration differs from political science in its emphasis on the bureaucratic structure and behavior and its methodologies. Meaning of Public Administration Public Administration differs from administrative science in the evaluative techniques used by nonprofit organizations, and because profit-seeking organizations are considerably less constrained in considering public interest in their decision-making structures and the behavior of their administrators. Cited in Rossenbloom, 1989 Source: Cabo, Wilhelimina L. (1997) PM 201 Theory and Practice of Public Administration. University of the Philippines Open University Nature of Public Administration By the nature of its functions, the government should be responsive to the needs of both the nation as a whole and the people as individuals. It should take, if necessary, a gradual and pragmatic manner of action in responding to such needs. Nature of Public Administration Public administration in carrying out public policies brings the different administrative structures of government into a single organ of administration. In doing so it means its adherence to such public policies and accepted management principles and practices prevailing at that time. Considering the functions of government and the administrative organizations formed to attain them, the task of public administration is a very complicated one as compared to that of business administration. Public administration requires a lot of coordination, problem solving and decision making activity. Nature of Public Administration Public administration calls for not only the active participation of the politicians but also of all sectors of society if it is to succeed in overcoming the many administrative and socio-economic problems of the nation. The total involvement of all sectors of society in the life of the nation is an imperative requirement for national survival, as well as for the attainment of national greatness. Scope of Public Administration Public administration calls for action, and as defined by Leonard D. White, â€Å"it is concerned with action in particular concrete situations, but in accordance with long-range objectives.† In effect he clarifies the concept of â€Å"government in action.† What should be the scope of public administration? Should it be principally limited to the administration of  the government’s bureaucracy? Should its objectives be the total administration of the administrative machinery of government? Nature of Public Administration For Robert Presthus: â€Å"Public administration is concerned with the institutional framework of government, its socio-economic and political milieu, and the behavior of the individuals who man the bureaucratic machine.† Public administration should also be concerned with the formulation of public policies and the implementation of government programs. Nature of Public Administration â€Å"Public administration is that aspect of administration occurring under the formal aegis of government at every level.† (Robert Presthus) If it is only an aspect of administration, then what is administration? Nature of Public Administration According to Barry M. Richman and Melvyn Copen define administration as follows: â€Å"Administration is basically an organizational process concerned with the implementation of objectives and plans and internal operating efficiency. It often connotes bureaucratic structure and behavior, relatively routine decision making and maintenance of the internal status quo.† Administration is not limited to large organizations; White considers it as applicable to all kinds of group effort. Nature of Public Administration â€Å"Administration is a process common to all effort, public or private, civil  or military, large scale or small scale. It is a process at work in a department store, a bank, a university or high school, a railroad, a hotel, or a city government.† According to Brooks Adams: â€Å"Administration is the capacity of coordinating many and often conflicting, social energies in a single organism, so adroitly that they shall operate as a unity.† Nature of Public Administration The capacity of government to perform its function s, however, rests with its public administration being attuned to the realities of the times. Peculiarities of Public Administration Is Public Administration an Art or a Science? Peculiarities of Public Administration According to White: â€Å"The art of administration is the direction, coordination, and control of many persons to achieve some purpose or objective. It is a dynamic art, taking the human and physical resources available in a system of administration and bending them to the achievement of some required goal. It is the central, over-all disposition of forces, bringing into focus and consistency of action elements often widely dispersed. It is an art that pervades all levels of organization, binding together the many professions, crafts, and specialists whose contributions although equally necessary are not those of management.† Peculiarities of Public Administration According to Avery Leiserson and Fritz Morstein Marx: â€Å"A science of administration would be a body of formal statements describing invariant relationships between measurable objects, units, or elements. Unquestionably, administrative research has produced definite precepts and hypothesis that are applicable to concrete situations. But what administrators visualize as particularly valuable goes beyond that. They are interested in the techniques of systematizing the process of securing and sifting relevant information so that the factors involved in arriving at a policy decision can be stated and the consequences of alternatives can be analyzed and balanced.† Peculiarities of Public Administration According to Arsenio P. Talingdan: â€Å"The question as to whether public administration is a science or not is as open when it was first raised. However, it may, in the future become more and more scientific. One might even say that further scientific truths on human behavior and interaction will be established. In many other fields, scientists will provide facts for the public administrator’s use. But the public administrator will always be an artisan, making value judgments on the basis of these scientific truths, even though he may also be required to be a scientist.† Public Administration vs. Public Administration Public administration is a broad field of administration while Private administration is a limited one. According to Nigro and Nigro, â€Å"Government is different also in that no private company can equal it in size and diversity of activities.† â€Å"Even more important is the great scope of government activities, affecting the entire economic and social structure of the country.† PUBLIC ADMINISTRATIONPRIVATE ADMINISTRATION Broad field of administration; Limited field of administration; Official actions are based on public trust carrying legal accountability; Not necessarily based on public  trust; limited legal accountability; Relatively routine decision-making  procedure; Unlimited in decision-making procedure; Maintenance of internal status quo; Dynamic entrepreneurship; Actuations subject to public  criticism; Nor normally subjected to public  criticism; Government corporations restricted  by requirements of fiscal  accountability foreign to corporate  device. No such restrictions. Public Administration vs. Public Administration The official actions of public administrators are based on public trust carrying legal accountability. Sec. 1 of Article XI of the 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines provides that: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times be accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest lives.† Public Administration vs. Public Administration According to Former Senate President Gil J. Puyat wrote on August 30, 1979 the following message in his notes: â€Å"To be given the opportunity to serve the people is indeed a priceless gift that a country can give a citizen. For a citizen who is given this opportunity and who would serve less than his very best in dedication and performance, indeed has committed or is committing an act of apostasy.†

Speech to the Young, Speech to the Progress-Toward

Bryce Donahue Professor Harsh English 102 16 March 2013 Speech to the Young. Speech to the Progress-Toward The poem â€Å"Speech to the Young, Speech to the Progress- Toward† by Gwendolyn Brooks is about keeping your head up and living each day to the fullest. The poem, given the time period, is most likely aimed towards African American people, but can now be related to anyone who may be having a rough day.Gwendolyn starts off the poem with four specific epithets. Gwendolyn states, â€Å"Say to the down-keepers, the sun-slappers, the self-soilers, the harmony-hushers† (398)†¦ All of these epithets are used to describe negative people or someone who will try and get you down. She is trying to say don’t listen to what people say just go and live your life. Gwendolyn continues with, â€Å"’Even if you are not ready for day it cannot always be night† (398). Related article: Having Children While YoungShe tries to use night as a symbol of unhappiness and says if you are not ready to get over what has happened or whatever is making you feel down, you will have to at some point because the day, or happiness, will have to come at some point. Gwendolyn writes, â€Å"You will be right. For that is the hard home-run† (398). Gwendolyn uses a home-run to describe something that is hard to obtain, meaning that it will not always be easy to be happy, but you have to fight for it.Gwendolyn ends her poem with, â€Å"Live not for battles won. Live not for the-end-of-the-song. Live in the along† (398). In these final three lines Gwendolyn tries to tell people not to be stuck in the past, but do not try to rush through life, instead live in the moment and enjoy life and all the great things life has to offer. Work Cited Pearson. Backpack Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Fourth ed. New Jersey: Kennedy Gio ia, 2010. Print.

Dunkleosteus - Facts and Figures

Name: Dunkleosteus (Greek for Dunkles bone); pronounced dun-kul-OSS-tee-us Habitat: Shallow seas worldwide Historical Period: Late Devonian (380-360 million years ago) Size and Weight: About 30 feet long and 3-4 tons Diet: Marine animals Distinguishing Characteristics: Large size; lack of teeth; thick armor plating About Dunkleosteus The marine animals of the Devonian period--over 100 million years before the first dinosaurs--tended to be small and meek, but Dunkleosteus was the exception that proved the rule. This huge (about 30 feet long and three or four tons), armor-covered prehistoric fish was probably the largest vertebrate of its day, and almost certainly the largest fish of the Devonian seas. Reconstructions can be a bit fanciful, but Dunkleosteus likely resembled a large, underwater tank, with a thick body, bulging head, and massive, toothless jaws. Dunkleosteus wouldnt have had to be a particularly good swimmer, since its bony armor would have been sufficient defense against the smaller, predatory sharks and fish of its briny habitat, such as Cladoselache. Because so many fossils of Dunkleosteus have been discovered, paleontologists know a good deal about the behavior and physiology of this prehistoric fish. For example, theres some evidence that individuals of this genus occasionally cannibalized each other when prey fish ran low, and an analysis of Dunkleosteus jawbones has demonstrated that this vertebrate could bite with a force of about 8,000 pounds per square inch, putting it in a league with both the much later Tyrannosaurus Rex and the much later giant shark Megalodon. (By the way, if the name Dunkleosteus sounds funny, thats because it was named in 1958 after David Dunkle, a curator at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History.) Dunkleosteus is known by about 10 species, which have been excavated in North America, western Europe, and northern Africa. The type species, D. terrelli, has been discovered in various U.S. states, including Texas, California, Pennsylvania and Ohio. D. belgicus hails from Belgium, D. marsaisi from Morocco (though this species may one day be synonymized with another genus of armored fish, Eastmanosteus), and D. amblyodoratus was discovered in Canada; other, smaller species were native to states as far afield as New York and Missouri. (As you might have guessed, we can attribute the profusion of Dunkleosteus remains to the fact that heavily armored skin tends to persist unusually well in the fossil record!) Given the near-worldwide success of Dunklesteus 360 million years ago, the obvious question presents itself: why did this armored fish go extinct by the start of the Carboniferous period, along with its placoderm cousins? The most likely explanation is that these vertebrates succumbed to changes in ocean conditions during the so-called Hangenberg Event, which caused marine oxygen levels to plunge--an event that definitely would not have favored multi-ton fish like Dunkleosteus. Secondarily, Dunkleosteus and its fellow placoderms may have been out-competed by smaller, sleeker bony fish and sharks, which went on to dominate the worlds oceans for tens of millions of years thereafter, until the advent of the marine reptiles of the Mesozoic Era.